Calculer \(P(x) \times Q(x)\), \(\deg P\), \(\deg Q\) et \(\deg(P \times Q)\) :
| \(P(x)\) | \(Q(x)\) |
|---|---|
| \(2x^2 + 5\) | \(5 - 2x^3\) |
| \(x^3 + 3x^2 - 6\) | \(x^3 + 3x^2 - 6\) |
\(\deg(P \times Q) = \deg P + \deg Q\)
Exemple 1 : \(\deg P=2\), \(\deg Q=3\), \(\deg(PQ)=5\)
Calculer \(P(x) + Q(x)\), \(\deg P\), \(\deg Q\) et \(\deg(P + Q)\) :
| \(P(x)\) | \(Q(x)\) |
|---|---|
| \(3x^4\) | \(-4x^5 + 3x^2 - 7\) |
| \(-x^8 + 6x^3 + 2\) | \(x^8 - 6x^3 + 1\) |
\(\deg(P+Q) \leq \max(\deg P, \deg Q)\)
Si les termes de plus haut degré s'annulent, le degré peut diminuer.
1) \((x-1)(x-2)(x-3) = x^3 - 6x^2 + 11x - 6\)
Donc \(a=1, b=-6, c=11\)
2) \((x+1)(x^2+ax+b) = x^3 + (a+1)x^2 + (a+b)x + b\)
Par identification : \(a+1=0 \Rightarrow a=-1\), \(b=2\), \(a+b=1 \Rightarrow 1=1\)
\(P(1)=0 \Rightarrow 1 + a + b = 0 \Rightarrow a + b = -1\)
\(P'(1)=0 \Rightarrow 4x^3 + 2ax = 0 \Rightarrow 4 + 2a = 0 \Rightarrow a = -2\)
Donc \(b = 1\)
Soit \((x^2 + px + q)^2 = x^4 + 2px^3 + (p^2+2q)x^2 + 2pqx + q^2\)
Par identification : \(2p = -6 \Rightarrow p = -3\), \(q^2 = 1 \Rightarrow q = \pm 1\)
Si \(q=1\) : \(a = p^2+2q = 9+2=11\), \(b = 2pq = -6\)
Si \(q=-1\) : \(a = 9-2=7\), \(b = 6\)
\(P(3) = 4(27) - 24(9) + 45(3) - 27 = 108 - 216 + 135 - 27 = 0\)
\(P(x) = (x-3)(4x^2 - 12x + 9) = (x-3)(2x-3)^2\)
1) Quotient : \(x^2 + x - 5\), Reste : \(8\)
2) Quotient : \(x^2 - x - 3\), Reste : \(0\)
3) Quotient : \(2x + 1\), Reste : \(3x - 2\)
1) \(P(2) = 8 + 20 - 6 - 22 = 0\) → Quotient : \(x^2 + 7x + 11\), Reste : \(0\)
2) \(P(-1) = -1 + 7 + 4 - 10 = 0\) → Quotient : \(x^2 + 6x - 10\), Reste : \(0\)
1) \(P(x+1) = a(x+1)^2 + b(x+1) = ax^2 + 2ax + a + bx + b\)
2) \(P(x+1)-P(x) = 2ax + a + b = x\) ⇒ \(2a=1 \Rightarrow a=\frac{1}{2}\), \(a+b=0 \Rightarrow b=-\frac{1}{2}\)
3) \(P(n) = \frac{n^2+n}{2}\) ⇒ \(1+2+\dots+n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}\)