Énoncé : Développement et simplification.
1) Développer :
\( (\sqrt{5} + 2)^2 = 5 + 4\sqrt{5} + 4 = 9 + 4\sqrt{5} \)
\( (3 - \sqrt{2})^2 = 9 - 6\sqrt{2} + 2 = 11 - 6\sqrt{2} \)
\( (3 - \sqrt{5})^2 = 9 - 6\sqrt{5} + 5 = 14 - 6\sqrt{5} \)
2) Simplifier :
\( \sqrt{9 + 4\sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{(\sqrt{5} + 2)^2} = \sqrt{5} + 2 \) (car \( \sqrt{5} + 2 > 0 \))
\( \sqrt{11 - 6\sqrt{2}} = \sqrt{(3 - \sqrt{2})^2} = 3 - \sqrt{2} \) (car \( 3 - \sqrt{2} > 0 \))
3) Calculer :
\( A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 + 4\sqrt{5}}} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 - 4\sqrt{5}}} \)
On a \( \sqrt{9 - 4\sqrt{5}} = \sqrt{(\sqrt{5} - 2)^2} = \sqrt{5} - 2 \) (car \( \sqrt{5} - 2 > 0 \))
\( A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} + 2} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{5} - 2} = \frac{(\sqrt{5} - 2) - (\sqrt{5} + 2)}{(\sqrt{5} + 2)(\sqrt{5} - 2)} = \frac{-4}{5 - 4} = -4 \)
4) Simplifier :
\( \sqrt{12 + 2\sqrt{20}} = \sqrt{12 + 2\sqrt{4 \times 5}} = \sqrt{12 + 4\sqrt{5}} \)
On cherche \( a + b = 12 \) et \( 2\sqrt{ab} = 4\sqrt{5} \Rightarrow \sqrt{ab} = 2\sqrt{5} \Rightarrow ab = 20 \)
Les solutions sont \( a = 10 \), \( b = 2 \) (ou inversement)
\( \sqrt{12 + 2\sqrt{20}} = \sqrt{10} + \sqrt{2} \)
\( \sqrt{9 - 2\sqrt{20}} = \sqrt{9 - 2\sqrt{4 \times 5}} = \sqrt{9 - 4\sqrt{5}} \)
\( a + b = 9 \), \( ab = 20 \) → \( a = 5 \), \( b = 4 \)
\( \sqrt{9 - 2\sqrt{20}} = \sqrt{5} - \sqrt{4} = \sqrt{5} - 2 \) (car \( \sqrt{5} > 2 \))
\( \sqrt{17 + 2\sqrt{30}} \) : \( a + b = 17 \), \( ab = 30 \) → \( a = 15 \), \( b = 2 \)
\( \sqrt{17 + 2\sqrt{30}} = \sqrt{15} + \sqrt{2} \)
\( \sqrt{16 + 6\sqrt{7}} = \sqrt{16 + 2\sqrt{63}} \) : \( a + b = 16 \), \( ab = 63 \) → \( a = 9 \), \( b = 7 \)
\( \sqrt{16 + 6\sqrt{7}} = \sqrt{9} + \sqrt{7} = 3 + \sqrt{7} \)