Section outline

    • Markup languages are ubiquitous in everyday computing. Although you may not realize it, word processing documents are filled with markup directives indicating the structure and often presentation of the document. In the case of traditional word processing documents, these structural and presentational markup codes are more often than not behind the scenes. However, in the case of Web documents, markup in the form of traditional Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and its Extensible Markup Language (XML)-focused variant, XHTML, is a little more obvious.

      These not-so-behind-the-scenes markup languages are used to

    • When you visit a website your browser (like Safari or Google Chrome) makes a request to a web server asking for information about the page you’re visiting and will respond with data that your browser uses to show you the page; a web server is just a dedicated computer somewhere else in the world that handles your requests.

      There are two major components that make up a website:

      1. Front End (Client-Side) — the way your browser renders a website.
      2. Back End (Server-Side) — a server that processes your request and returns a response.

      There are many other processes involved in your browser making a request to a web server, but for now you just need to understand that you make a request to a server and it responds with data your browser uses to render information to you.

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